WASHINGTON - The climate change talks in Cancún, Mexico, Monday, with the most difficult questions and open spaces with little chance of a breakthrough in the design of an international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and heat associated with global warming.
Mario Molina, 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was established climate change in Cancún on Monday.
However some people who attended the meeting sponsored by the United Nations, expressed hope that the measures might be muted slightly reduced to a trip of several decades, the global threat of global temperatures are.
The United States entered the negotiations in a weak position because of the lack of action on the indoor climate and energy package and the continuing disputes with China and other major developing countries for the verification of emission reductions. The process of negotiation of the UN itself will be said about the line, with many interviews that cannot survive another disaster like 190 countries to Copenhagen in December last year.
The discussions this year are at a low point in climate diplomacy. Last year brought together over 100 heads of state with the hope of making a binding treaty against global warming. A year later, sent in a Mexican town of intermediate streams of hope, at best, to avoid catastrophe.
Last year, President Obama by a large majority in Congress and hope to move from a global climate and energy bills. Next year, it's a new Congress far more skeptical about the reality of climate change and significantly more hostile to international efforts to cope.
However, the leaders expressed the belief that the United Nations remains the best if not the only place is a problem that requires a global solution to answer.
"We're not going to solve the problem all this year, but we are the largest and best chord block every year," said Christiana Figurers, Costa Rican diplomat who attended this year, the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change the body that appoints the talks. "Multilateral negotiations, which affect not only an environmental problem to resolve, but in reality the transformation of economic structures and the economic structure that we have lived for decades."
Annual Conference on Climate Change brings together the technical complexity of the negotiations on arms control with the pace of global trade negotiations lead. It attracts thousands of journalists, environmental activists and leaders who sell each search of a story or a product.
The real negotiations and not behind closed doors, in which progress over time and changes in punctuation, measured take. And nothing seems important that the time of the last 11 days to occur.
The conference this year began with the same set of questions that participant at the table when the meeting broke up in Copenhagen a year ago and imperfect document - the Agreement of Copenhagen - before them.
After the talks in Copenhagen chaotic, not parties adopted a non-binding declaration of good intentions, but only "took note" of the three-page document. About half of the participating countries were "associates" agreed with the Agreement.
However even if all the promises of reducing direct emissions have been achieved, the world would still be behind the actions needed to achieve the objective, the global average temperature by two degrees Celsius in accordance with the pre-industrial times.
Despite a year of preliminary discussions, the delegates are still far apart on two key questions: how much and how fast nations reduce their greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change and reduce the kind of international supervision is in place for countries to ensure that's achieved their goals. Nobody expected that the gap will be closed significantly over the next two weeks in Cancún on these issues.
However, he has made some progress on four main points of discussion during the negotiations. These include a slowing of the destruction of forests and the sharing of technologies to produce energy in a less destructive, poor countries adapt to inevitable changes in climate and the construction of a multi-billion dollar funds for these objectives.
The goal in Cancún for negotiators and observers would be a "balanced package" of progress on each of these issues and an agreement with the rich countries to come to make your donation with $ 30000000000 in short-term financing for countries developing countries adapt to global climate disruption.
Jonathan Pershing, U.S. deputy envoy for climate, said Monday in Cancún, that during preliminary discussions this year were suspended from trade disputes on the contents and the process: "We are optimistic that we work with many, if not all of it.”
He also said that the United States and the progress of China in terms of classification and that the U.S. was willing to pay up to $ 1700000000 term adaptation of short-term funds, most of them new funding from Congress has appropriated .
What is really difficult, and probably will not be dissolved in Cancún, the fate of the 13 years of the Kyoto Protocol, the agreement of global warming is due in large part to the end of 2012. The record - has never accepted by the United States - to establish different requirements for developed and developing countries. It 'was like a stick of big developing countries like China, India and Brazil to use more than reducing emissions from the U.S. and other developed economies as the price of their participation in demand global climate regime.
China has led the United States steps as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases and pollutants has voluntarily taken big step toward slowing the growth of emissions. However he refuses to an international agreement that bind no more, verifiable reductions in the U.S. and other rich countries.
The U.S. insists that the minutes be scrapped distinctions between countries and all countries to move forward to address the problem of global climate change. Until this fundamental matter has been resolved, the prospects for progress are slim.
"The success here is rejected Kyoto and the beginning of the process requires large developing countries to reduce emissions as the developed countries," said Paul W. Bledsoe of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, who is in Cancún and was followed by discussions on climatic years. "Both political progress and require that the Kyoto Protocol will be released stalking horse".
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